GEORG WILHELM FRIEDRICH HEGEL (1770–1831) war der bedeutendste Vertreter des deutschen Idealismus und mit seinem Konzept von Dialektik einflussreichster Philosoph seiner Zeit. Ludwig Fischer and his mother (whom Hegel may have offered to marry following the death of her husband) stayed behind in Jena. [citation needed]. Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich gā´ôrkh vĭl´hĕlm frē´drĭkh hā´gəl [key], 1770–1831, German philosopher, b. Stuttgart; son of a government The reason why this subsumption takes place in a series of concepts is that Hegel's method in his Science of Logic and his Encyclopedia is to begin with basic concepts like "Being" and "Nothing" and to develop these through a long sequence of elaborations, including those already mentioned. Destinataire. In one form or another his teaching dominated German universities for some years after his death and spread to France and to Italy. [60] Hegel had a sister, Christiane Luise (1773–1832); and a brother, Georg Ludwig (1776–1812), who perished as an officer during Napoleon's 1812 Russian campaign. [citation needed]. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, né le 27 août 1770 à Stuttgart et mort le 14 novembre 1831 à Berlin, est un philosophe allemand. His is the persistent Idea that is the same in all philosophers up to the present day, as it was the Idea of Plato and Aristotle". One of these problematic aspects was his conception of human nature as irreconcilably split between reason and emotion. as a mystic and hermetic thinker. Teilen. Mal. This focus on freedom is what generates Plato's notion (in the Phaedo, Republic and Timaeus) of the soul as having a higher or fuller kind of reality than that possessed by inanimate objects. His father, Georg Ludwig, was Rentkammersekretär (secretary to the revenue office) at the court of Karl Eugen, Duke of Württemberg. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Especially crucial are Aristotle, Immanuel Kant and Kant's immediate successors, most prominently Johann Gottlieb Fichte and Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling. God rises again to life, and thus things are reversed". The complexity of the arguments of his major works — the Phenomenology of Spirit (1807), the Science of Logic (1812 – 1816), the Philosophy of Right (1821), and the lectures on aesthetics and world history, which are, perhaps, the least inaccessible — defies capsule summarization. Rather, it comes to completion in the philosophical comprehension of individual existing human minds who through their own understanding bring this developmental process to an understanding of itself. "On Hegel—A Study in Sorcery", in J. T. Fraser, F. Haber & G. Muller (eds. Voegelin, Eric (1972). [citation needed]. Maurice Merleau-Ponty (trans. They both know their obligations and choose to fulfill them. Mail Since human thought is the image and fulfillment of God's thought, God can be understood by an analysis of thought and reality. [108] He espouses that "God is not an abstraction but a concrete God [...] God, considered in terms of his eternal Idea, has to generate the Son, has to distinguish himself from himself; he is the process of differentiating, namely, love and Spirit". Hegel wrote that, ...profounder insight into the antinomial, or more truly into the dialectical nature of reason demonstrates any Concept [Begriff] whatsoever to be a unity of opposed elements [Momente] to which, therefore, the form of antinomial assertions could be given.[82]. Twitter. "[57][58], Hegel was born on 27 August 1770 in Stuttgart, capital of the Duchy of Württemberg in southwestern Germany. [62] Sharing a dislike for what they regarded as the restrictive environment of the Seminary, the three became close friends and mutually influenced each other's ideas. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. Georg Friedrich Händel (laut Taufregister Georg Friederich Händel, anglisiert: George Frideric Handel; * 23. Because every concept is a composite of contraries (value is black and white, temperature is hot and cold, etc. So he, too, sometimes spoke of God and, more often, of the divine; and because he occasionally took pleasure in insisting that he was really closer to this or that Christian tradition than some of the theologians of his time, he has sometimes been understood to have been a Christian. He is considered one of the fundamental figures of modern Western philosophy, with his influence extending to the entire range of contemporary philosophical issues, from aesthetics to ontology to politics, both in the analytic and continental tradition. Finite things do not determine themselves because, as "finite" things, their essential character is determined by their boundaries over against other finite things, so in order to become "real" they must go beyond their finitude ("finitude is only as a transcending of itself").[95]:145. By 14 November, Hegel was dead. The State involves three "moments". It is thus both idealism and realism at once; hence, it is not surprising that his successors, emphasizing now one and now another strain in his thought, have interpreted him variously. As is always the case, difficulties are magnified for those reading him in translation. Meastar go bhfuil sé ar na fealsúna is bunúsaí i bhfealsúnacht nua-aimseartha an Iarthair agus tionchar aige ar ointeolaíocht, ar aeistéitic agus ar pholaitíocht. In his discussion of "Spirit" in his Encyclopedia, Hegel praises Aristotle's On the Soul as "by far the most admirable, perhaps even the sole, work of philosophical value on this topic". "Why did Hegel not become for the Protestant world something similar to what Thomas Aquinas was for Roman Catholicism?" Modern philosophy, culture and society seemed to Hegel fraught with contradictions and tensions, such as those between the subject and object of knowledge, mind and nature, self and Other, freedom and authority, knowledge and faith, or the Enlightenment and Romanticism. In fact, Hegel himself argued, in his Science of Logic, that German was particularly conducive to philosophical thought. The result of this argument is that finite and infinite—particular and universal, nature and freedom—do not face one another as independent realities, but instead the latter, in each case, is the self-transcending of the former. This was due to (a) the rediscovery and re-evaluation of Hegel as a possible philosophical progenitor of Marxism by philosophically oriented Marxists; (b) a resurgence of Hegel's historical perspective; and (c) an increasing recognition of the importance of his dialectical method. in German classics of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Das Marbacher Literaturmuseum zeigt einen Hegel zum Mitmachen . Wer etwas Großes will, der muss sich zu beschränken wissen, wer dagegen alles will, der will in der Tat nichts und bringt es zu nichts. Hegel’s system is avowedly an attempt to unify opposites—spirit and nature, universal and particular, ideal and real—and to be a synthesis in which all the partial and contradictory philosophies of his predecessors are alike contained and transcended. [142] In a similar vein, Robert Pippin notes that some view Hegel as having "the ugliest prose style in the history of the German language". [122]:203 In his political philosophy, he criticized Karl Ludwig von Haller's reactionary work, which claimed that laws were not necessary. As a graduate of a Protestant seminary, Hegel's theological concerns were reflected in many of his writings and lectures. Karen Ng writes that "there is a central, recurring rhetorical device that Hegel returns to again and again throughout his philosophical system: that of describing the activity of reason and thought in terms of the dynamic activity and development of organic life. For other uses, see, Articles related to Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Bern (1793–1796) and Frankfurt (1797–1801). Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (Stuttgart, 27 août 1770 - Berlin, 14 novembre 1831) ... En dehors de la philosophie de son temps, la formation intellectuelle de Hegel est profondément influencé par l'étude de la culture et de la philosophie grecque ancienne. She died of bilious fever (Gallenfieber) when Hegel was thirteen. As the logical Idea is seen to unfold itself in a process from the abstract to the concrete, so in the history of philosophy the earliest systems are the most abstract, and thus at the same time the poorest...[86]. Frühe Schriften. Hegel was deeply disturbed by the riots for reform in Berlin in that year. 2009 Audiobooks See All. A number of other works on the philosophy of history, religion, aesthetics and the history of philosophy[123] were compiled from the lecture notes of his students and published posthumously. ), The Oldest Systematic Program of German Idealism, The Difference Between Fichte's and Schelling's Systems of Philosophy, Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel bibliography, Enzyklopädie der philosophischen Wissenschaften, Vorlesungen über de Geschichte der Philosophie, "Adam Smith's Influence on Hegel's Philosophical Writings", Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, "Duden | He-gel | Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition", "Vorlesungen über die Geschichte der Philosophie", "MDZ-Reader – Band – Von den Beweisen für die Unsterblichkeit der menschlichen Seele im Lichte der spekulativen Philosophie / Göschel, Carl Friedrich", "Hegel and Clausewitz: Convergence on Method, Divergence on Ethics", On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason, « Der Instinkt der Vernünftigkeit » and other texts, Hegel, as the National Philosopher of Germany (1874), "The Life of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel", Scans of all (original, German) books from Hegel (all editions) between 1807 and 1850 as PDFs at hegel.net, Works by or about Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Relationship between religion and science, Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel&oldid=998739474, People educated at Eberhard-Ludwigs-Gymnasium, Articles with Latin-language sources (la), Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2016, Articles needing additional references from August 2017, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2017, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with RKDartists identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Francke, Kuno, Howard, William Guild, Schiller, Friedrich, 1913–1914, This page was last edited on 6 January 2021, at 20:36. The common idea that Hegel’s is a philosophy of exceptional difficulty is quite mistaken. The early theological writings and the Phenomenology of Mind are packed with brilliant metaphors. [139] Hegel was described by Schopenhauer as a "clumsy charlatan". There are views of Hegel's thought as the summit of early 19th-century German philosophical idealism. Berlin (DE) 19e s. Contributeur. Hegel's posthumous works have had remarkable influence on subsequent works on religion, aesthetics, and history because of the comprehensive accounts of the subject matters considered within the lectures, with Heidegger for example in Poetry, Language, Thought characterizing Hegel's Lectures on Aesthetics as the "most comprehensive reflection on the nature of art that the West possesses—comprehensive because it stems from metaphysics."[124]. For example: Parmenides took pure being to be the absolute; Gorgias replaced it with pure nothing; Heraclitus replaced both being and nothing with becoming (which is a unity of two contraries: coming-to-be and ceasing-to-be). The following February marked the birth of Hegel's illegitimate son, Georg Ludwig Friedrich Fischer (1807–1831), as the result of an affair with Hegel's landlady Christiana Burkhardt née Fischer (who had been abandoned by her husband). Cousin, Victor (1792-1867). Today this faction continues among conservative Protestants, such as the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod, which was founded by missionaries from Germany when the Hegelian Right was active. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel wurde am 27. [75]:207–208, In 1819–1827, he made two trips to Weimar, where he met Goethe, and to Brussels, the Northern Netherlands, Leipzig, Vienna, Prague, and Paris.[76]. L'hégélianisme est le courant philosophique qui s'est développé après la mort de Hegel, au XIX puis au XX siècle. [99] In this work, civil society (Hegel used the term "bürgerliche Gesellschaft" though it is now referred to as Zivilgesellschaft in German to emphasize a more inclusive community) was a stage in the dialectical relationship between Hegel's perceived opposites, the macro-community of the state and the micro-community of the family. In, Vico and Herder worked toward a conception of “spirit of the times” and “spirit of the people,” both of which were incorporated into Hegel’s enormously ambitious philosophy of history. Works by or about Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel in libraries (WorldCat catalog) Lowenberg J., (1913) "The Life of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel". [59]:238, In November 1808, Hegel was again through Niethammer, appointed headmaster of a gymnasium in Nuremberg, a post he held until 1816. It is only necessary to translate them to appreciate their conciseness and precision. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel: Werke. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Everyday low … 4,4 von 5 Sternen 33. The physicians pronounced the cause of death as cholera, but it is likely he died from another gastrointestinal disease. [111] This led Hegelian philosopher, jurist and politician Carl Friedrich Göschel (1784–1861) to write a treatise demonstrating the consistency of Hegel's philosophy with Christian doctrine on the soul's immortality (Von den Beweisen für die Unsterblichkeit der menschlichen Seele im Lichte der spekulativen Philosophie: eine Ostergabe – From the evidence of the immortality of the human soul in the light of speculative philosophy: an Easter gift) (Berlin: Verlag von Duncker und Humblot, 1835). Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Emancipation from Kantianism: It is impossible to exaggerate the importance that this problem had for Hegel. Was wäre heute aus diesem verborgenen Genie geworden? Now in a weak state of health, Hegel seldom went out. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (/ˈheɪɡəl/;[27][28] German: [ˈɡeːɔʁk ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈheːɡl̩];[28][29] 27 August 1770 – 14 November 1831) was a German philosopher and the most important figure in German idealism. According to their argument, although Hegel referred to "the two elemental considerations: first, the idea of freedom as the absolute and final aim; secondly, the means for realising it, i.e. [132] Believing that the traditional description of Hegel's philosophy in terms of thesis–antithesis–synthesis was mistaken, a few scholars like Raya Dunayevskaya have attempted to discard the triadic approach. Doctrines of concept address the systematic, hierarchical relations of the most general classes of things. When he entered the Latin School two years later, he already knew the first declension, having been taught it by his mother. To his chagrin, Fries was, in the same year, made Ordinary Professor (salaried).[59]:224–25. 1 er Person gefällt das. Hegel was born in Stuttgart in 1770, the son of an official in the government of the Duke of Württemberg. [85] However, regardless of its status as a formal logic, Hegel clearly understood the course of his logic to be reflected in the course of history: ...different stages of the logical Idea assume the shape of successive systems, each based on a particular definition of the Absolute. [117], Spirit is immortal; it is eternal; and it is immortal and eternal in virtue of the fact that it is infinite, that it has no such spatial finitude as we associate with the body; when we speak of it being five feet in height, two feet in breadth and thickness, that it is not the Now of time, that the content of its knowledge does not consist of these countless midges, that its volition and freedom have not to do with the infinite mass of existing obstacles, nor of the aims and activities which such resisting obstacles and hindrances have to encounter. After the period of Bruno Bauer, Hegel's influence waned until the philosophy of British Idealism and the 20th-century Hegelian Western Marxism that began with György Lukács. T. R. Vickroy and Susan E. Blow—who were both minor associates of the St. Louis Hegelians—independently of each other translated various chapters from Göschel's book into English, and had their translations published in. Schelling and Hölderlin immersed themselves in theoretical debates on Kantian philosophy, from which Hegel remained aloof. Vendeur Versandantiquariat Werner Eichel (Unna, NRW, Allemagne) Vendeur … ); 1984; "[T]he task that touches the interest of philosophy most nearly at the present moment: to put God back at the peak of philosophy, absolutely prior to all else as the one and only ground of everything." With the possible exception of the study of inference, what was called "logic" in nineteenth-century Europe (and so Hegel's Logic) bears little resemblance to what logicians study today. 4,0 von 5 Sternen 4. Hegel distinguished between civil society and state in his Elements of the Philosophy of Right. This liberal distinction between political society and civil society was used by Alexis de Tocqueville. those written before The Phenomenology of Spirit). Date. In October, 1788 Hegel began studies at a theological seminary in Tübingen, the Tüberger Stift, where he became friends with the poet Hölderlin and philosopher Friedrich Schellin… Taschenbuch. In 1817, Hegel published The Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences in Outline as a summary of his philosophy for students attending his lectures at Heidelberg. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel; Inventor of Dialectic Logic, Forefather of Marxism and Most Impenetrable Western Philosopher You Will Ever Read. Two prominent American philosophers, John McDowell and Robert Brandom (sometimes referred to as the "Pittsburgh Hegelians"), have produced philosophical works with a marked Hegelian influence. The “philosophy of spirit” of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel made its appearance upon the intellectual scene contemporaneously with Saint-Simonian and Comtean positivism, rivalling the latter in scope and influence and bringing with it its own highly distinctive theory of historical evolution and change. The origin of philosophy is to be dated from Heraclitus. This eternity of Spirit in itself means that Spirit is, to begin with, potential; but the next standpoint implies that Spirit ought to be what it is in its essential and complete nature, in-and-for-itself. The State subsumes family and civil society and fulfills them. A. Pelczynski and Shlomo Avineri. Hegel was putting the finishing touches to it, The Phenomenology of Spirit, as Napoleon engaged Prussian troops on 14 October 1806 in the Battle of Jena on a plateau outside the city. Some of Hegel's writing was intended for those with advanced knowledge of philosophy, although his Encyclopedia was intended as a textbook in a university course. Teilen. Il comprend les élèves ou disciples immédiats de Hegel puis ceux qui se sont réclamés de sa pensée. Hegel's system is often presented in the form of a Sierpiński triangle due to his tendency to group concepts by triads. He was educated at the Royal Highschool in Stuttgart from 1777-88 and steeped in both the classics and the literature of the European Enlightenment. Logic, particularly the doctrine of the concept, was metaphysics; it was the search for a fundamental ontological structure within the relations of the most basic predicates (quantity, time, place etc. Abstrakt? / 5. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel: Phänomenologie des Geistes. (Karl Barth. The individual has "substantial freedom in the state". [148], Voegelin argued that Hegel should be understood not as a philosopher, but as a "sorcerer", i.e. That history should resemble this dialectic indicated to Hegel that history is something rational. [112][113][114], Hegel conceived of the immortality of the soul in the following manner in reference to Christianity:[115][116], Thus the immortality of the soul must not be represented as first entering the sphere of reality only at a later stage; it is the actual present quality of spirit; spirit is eternal, and for this reason is already present. ... Fièrement propulsé par Omeka. Hegel’s thought eludes easy summation, and its premises are not intuitively obvious. Hegel asserted that, in Heraclitus, he had an antecedent for his logic: "[...] there is no proposition of Heraclitus which I have not adopted in my logic".[103]. In this…. Hegel enseigne la philosophie sous la forme d'un système de tous les savoirs suivant une logique dialectique. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. It was perfectly legitimate in Hegel's eyes for a conqueror, such as Napoleon, to come and destroy that which was not fully realized. Buy a cheap copy of Fenomenologia del Espiritu, La book by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. [118], Hegel seemed to have an ambivalent relationship with magic, myth and Paganism. Museum Tusculanum Press. (Hegel, "How the Ordinary Human Understanding Takes Philosophy as displayed in the works of Mr. Krug", Jon Bartley Stewart. G.W.F. In particular, Russell considered "almost all" of Hegel's doctrines to be false. Facebook. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel — n. (1770 1831) German philosopher whose dialectic procedures for settling opposites had an influence on Existentialists and Marxists … English contemporary dictionary. [149] This concept of Hegel as a hermetic thinker was elaborated by Glenn Alexander Magee,[150] who argued that interpreting Hegel's body of work as an expression of mysticism and hermetic ideas leads to a more accurate understanding of Hegel. The style was no less irregular: sometimes in plain narrative the lecturer would be specially awkward, while in abstruse passages he seemed especially at home, rose into a natural eloquence, and carried away the hearer by the grandeur of his diction. the Reign of Terror that followed) and would result in a "synthesis" (e.g. Navigate; Linked Data; Dashboard; Tools / Extras; Stats; Share . [107] His thoughts on the person of Jesus Christ stood out from the theologies of the Enlightenment. Biography of Friedrich Hegel (excerpt) Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel(August 27, 1770 (birth time source: Taeger on Astrodatabank, it is a speculated time of birth) - November 14, 1831) was a German philosopher and, with Johann Gottlieb Fichte and Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, one of the representatives of German idealism. For this reason, Hegel's Logic begins with the summum genus, "Being, pure Being," ("and God has the absolutely undisputed right that the beginning be made with him"[83]) from which are derived more concrete concepts such as becoming, determinate being, something, and infinity. Hegel recounted his impressions in a letter to his friend Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer: I saw the Emperor—this world-soul [Weltseele]—riding out of the city on reconnaissance. In 1801, Hegel came to Jena at the encouragement of his old friend Schelling, who held the position of Extraordinary Professor at the University of Jena. [96] Böhme had written that the Fall of Man was a necessary stage in the evolution of the universe. According to Hegel, this unity evolved through and manifested itself in contradiction and negation. [SL-M], Hegel’s Science of Logic [Wissenschaft der Logik], translated by A.V. 1788 zog die Familie nach Tübingen, wo Hegel an der Eberhard-Karls-Universität sein Studium in Evangelischer Theologie und Philosophie begann und in das sogenannte Tübinger Stift … Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel was a German philosopher and the most important figure in German idealism. Hegel's remaining two sons—Karl, who became a historian; and Immanuel [de], who followed a theological path—lived long and safeguarded their father's manuscripts and letters, and produced editions of his works. Like Plato, with his dualism of soul versus bodily appetites, Kant pursued the mind's ability to question its felt inclinations or appetites and to come up with a standard of "duty" (or, in Plato's case, "good") which transcends bodily restrictiveness. Hegel rendered these dualities intelligible by (ultimately) his argument in the "Quality" chapter of the "Science of Logic". Son œuvre, postérieure à celle de Kant, est l'une des plus représentatives de l'idéalisme allemand et a eu une influence … [138] Logical positivists such as Ayer and the Vienna Circle criticized both Hegelian philosophy and its supporters, such as Bradley. His philosophy of spirit conceptually integrates psychology, the state, history, art, religion and philosophy. American philosophers associated with this movement include Lawrence Stepelevich, Rudolf Siebert, Richard Dien Winfield and Theodore Geraets. [65] In 1799, he wrote another essay entitled "The Spirit of Christianity and Its Fate",[66] unpublished during his lifetime. The State is "objective spirit" so "it is only through being a member of the state that the individual himself has objectivity, truth, and ethical life" (section 258). Teilen. Richard Rojcewicz), CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, Insole, C. J., "The Origin of Evil and the Incoherence of Noumenal First Causation", in. This view, sometimes referred to as the "non-metaphysical option", has influenced many major English-language studies of Hegel. Hegel has exercised a decisive influence on modern thought, inspiring various lines of inquiry, from speculative metaphysics to Marxist materialism . [147], Isaiah Berlin listed Hegel as one of the six architects of modern authoritarianism who undermined liberal democracy, along with Rousseau, Claude Adrien Helvétius, Fichte, Saint-Simon and Joseph de Maistre. [68][69][70] Unbeknownst to Hegel, Giuseppe Piazzi had discovered the minor planet Ceres within that orbit on 1 January 1801. ... Fièrement propulsé par Omeka. [104] One to which he attributes great significance is the fragment he translates as "Being is not more than Non-being", which he interprets to mean the following: Sein und Nichts sei dasselbeBeing and non-being are the same. Hegel's dialectic has allowed globalists to lead simple, capable, freeborn men and women back into the superstitious, racist and unreasonable age of imperial global dominance. [97], "Mind" and "Spirit" are the common English translations of Hegel's use of the German "Geist", which combines the meaning of spirit—as in god, ghost, or mind—with an intentional force. In 1776, he entered Stuttgart's gymnasium illustre and during his adolescence read voraciously, copying lengthy extracts in his diary. Présentation des œuvres de Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel La Phénoménologie de l’Esprit est un ouvrage rédigé par le philosophe Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, paru en 1807. [131] Since the fall of the Soviet Union, a new wave of Hegel scholarship has arisen in the West without the preconceptions of the prior schools of thought. Hegel's categories are, in part, carried over from his Lectures on the History of Philosophy. At the age of eighteen, Hegel entered the Tübinger Stift (a Protestant seminary attached to the University of Tübingen), where he had as roommates the poet and philosopher Friedrich Hölderlin and the future philosopher Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel; Hermann Glockner (Hrsg.