Giants: Enceladus, Coeus, Astraeus, Pelorus, Pallas, Emphytus, Rhoecus, Agrius, Ephialtes, Eurytus, Themoises, Theodamas, Otus, Polyboetes, and Iapetus. Rachel Carson; Hipótese de Medeia; Mãe Terra; Ambientalismo; Richard Dawkins; Permacultura; Autopoiese; Esta página foi editada pela última vez às 01h31min de 5 de dezembro de 2019. Any woman who may chance not to speak the truth is immediately punished as a result of this test. It was while working as a consultant for NASA that Lovelock developed the Gaia hypothesis, for which he is most widely known. [9], In Mycenean Greek Ma-ka (transliterated as Ma-ga, "Mother Gaia") also contains the root ga-. i. p. 165, ed. James Ephraim Lovelock, CH, CBE, FRS, Ph.D (n. 26 iulie 1919, Letchworth, Hertfordshire) este un savant independent, ecologist și futurolog care locuiește în Devon, Anglia.El este cel mai bine cunoscut pentru ipoteza Gaia, care postulează că biosfera este o entitate cu o auto-reglare, un sistem complex care contribuie la menținerea condițiilor de viață de pe planetă. Lovelock believes that "you would find the life of me and my wife Sandy to be an unusually happy one in simple beautiful but unpretentious surroundings. 300, with the Schol. Gaia or Ge had at least three sanctuaries in Greece which were mentioned by Pausanias. On what is called the Stomion (Mouth) the altar to Themis has been built.[42]. [58], Lovelock thinks the time is past for sustainable development, and that we have come to a time when development is no longer sustainable. In 2019 Lovelock said he thought difficulties in getting nuclear power going again were due to propaganda, that "the coal and oil business fight like mad to tell bad stories about nuclear", and that "the greens played along with it. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. [citation needed], Gaia was worshiped under the epithet "Anesidora", which means "giver of gifts". James Ephraim Lovelock (Letchworth, Anglatèrra, 26 de julhet de 1919) es un pensaire, scientific e environamentalista independent anglés. [46] On the other hand, if instead life becomes entirely electronic, "so be it: we played our part and newer, younger actors are already appearing on stage". Lovelock was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1974. Her equivalent in the Roman pantheon was Terra. [15], According to Hesiod, Gaia conceived further offspring with her son, Uranus, first the giant one-eyed Cyclopes: Brontes ("Thunder"), Steropes ("Lightning"), and Arges ("Bright");[16] then the Hecatonchires: Cottus, Briareos, and Gyges, each with a hundred arms and fifty heads. L'hypothèse Gaïa, appelée également hypothèse biogéochimique, est une hypothèsecontroversée, initialement avancée en 1970par le climatologueanglaisJames Lovelocken collaboration avec la microbiologisteaméricaineLynn Margulis, mais également évoquée par d'autres scientifiques avant eux, selon laquelle la Terreserait « un système physiologique dynamique qui inclut la biosphèreet maintient … James Lovelock in 2005 James Ephraim Lovelock (Letchworth, 26 juli 1919) is een voormalig onafhankelijk wetenschapper, auteur, onderzoeker en milieubeschermer. He invented the electron capture detector, and using it, became t The test applied is drinking bull's blood. In his 1988 book The Ages of Gaia he states: I have never regarded nuclear radiation or nuclear power as anything other than a normal and inevitable part of the environment. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaia&oldid=999980772, Articles having same image on Wikidata and Wikipedia, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2012, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from April 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2018, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. James Ephraim Lovelock (Letchworth Garden City, 1919. július 26. [39] Eclog. [Q 1] Für die Orphiker ist Hydros (Wasser) die Urgottheit, aus der nach ihrer Vorstellung Gaia als einzige Gottheit ohne Befruchtung hervorgegangen ist. ; Hesych. His father, Tom, had served six months hard labour for poaching in his teens and was illiterate until attending technical college, and later ran a book shop. [50] Other researchers have claimed that "this scheme would bring water with high natural pCO2 levels (associated with the nutrients) back to the surface, potentially causing exhalation of CO2". The mythological name was revived in 1979 by James Lovelock, in Gaia: A New Look at Life on Earth; his Gaia hypothesis was supported by Lynn Margulis. Biografia Primièrs pas scientifics: Mart e la Tèrra. In it the poet states that the oracle belonged to Poseidon and Earth in common; that Earth gave her oracles herself, but Poseidon used Pyrcon as his mouthpiece in giving responses. In early 1961, Lovelock was engaged by NASA to develop sensitive instruments for the analysis of extraterrestrial atmospheres and planetary surfaces. He is an open member of Environmentalists for Nuclear Energy. heinäkuuta 1919) on riippumaton brittiläinen tiedemies, kirjailija, ympäristönsuojelija ja tulevaisuudentutkija.Lovelock tunnetaan parhaiten Gaia-hypoteesistaan, jonka mukaan Maa toimii eräänlaisen superorganismin tavoin itseään säätelevänä kokonaisuutena. However, in the biological case, ecological competition between "daisy" species with different albedo values produces a homeostatic effect on global temperature. [72] The archive of the Royal Society of Arts has a 2009 image taken by Anne-Katrin Purkiss. He believes that at the time, nobody had gone that far and made an embodiment of an actual microwave oven. As an independent scientist, inventor, and author, Lovelock worked out of a barn-turned-laboratory he called his "experimental station" located in a wooded valley on the Devon/Cornwall border in South West England.[25]. [56] Lovelock subsequently said that his proposal was intended to stimulate interest and research would be the next step. The word is of uncertain origin. Geografie. Gaia hipotezi ilk olarak, James Lovelock'un, Mars'taki yaşamı saptama yöntemleri üzerine NASA adına yaptığı bağımsız bir araştırmanın yan ürünü olarak formüle edildi. Lovelock lag im Zentrum des Humboldt Projects. [41] There is nothing in the published interview to suggest that the interviewer sought or Lovelock offered any evidence to support that serious allegation. In early 1961, Lovelock was engaged by NASA to develop sensitive instruments for the analysis of extraterrestrial atmospheres and planetary surfaces. He is best known for proposing the Gaia hypothesis, which postulates that the Earth functions as a self-regulating system.[4]. [18], By her son, Pontus, Gaia bore the sea-deities Nereus, Thaumas, Phorcys, Ceto, and Eurybia. The Vanishing Face of Gaia: A Final Warning: Enjoy It While You Can. Nellie Annie E. March, GRO Register of Deaths: SEP 1980 21 1610 PLYMOUTH. Gaia is the ancestral mother of all life. This is a Roman name of a deity with no Greek counterpart. This suggests the biosphere is a self-regulating system.. After the development of an instrument in the late 1960s, Lovelock was the first to detect the widespread presence of CFCs in the atmosphere. The concept of sustainable retreat emphasized a pattern of resource use that aims to meet human needs with lower levels and/or less environmentally harmful types of resources. [11] His student status enabled temporary deferment of military service during the Second World War, but he registered as a conscientious objector. 1; Stob. He suggests that we may already be beyond the tipping point of terrestrial climate resilience into a permanently hot state. Thesm. Die Stadt liegt im Westen Nevadas am Ufer des Humboldt Rivers. Lovelock states the following in order to explain the concept:[59], Retreat, in his view, means it's time to start talking about changing where we live and how we get our food; about making plans for the migration of millions of people from low-lying regions like Bangladesh into Europe; about admitting that New Orleans is a goner and moving the people to cities better positioned for the future. Gaia, una nueva visión de la vida sobre la Tierra. The woman who from time to time is priestess henceforth remains chaste and before her election must not have had intercourse with more than one man. Aside from her temples, Gaia had altars as well as sacred spaces in the sanctuaries of other gods. [44], In Athens, there was a statue of Gaia on the Acropolis depicting her beseeching Zeus for rain[45] as well as an image of her close to the court of the Areopagos in Athens, alongside the statues of Plouton and Hermes, "by which sacrifice those who have received an acquittal on the Areopagos".[46]. [42] He has been quoted in The Guardian that 80% of humans will perish by 2100 AD, and this climate change will last 100,000 years. Gaia is the personification of the Earth, and these are her offspring as related in various myths. [20], With the help of Gaia's advice,[21] Zeus defeated the Titans. [48] The basic idea was to accelerate the transfer of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to the ocean by increasing primary production and enhancing the export of organic carbon (as marine snow) to the deep ocean. London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, American Chemical Society Award in Chromatography, Dr A.H. Heineken Prize for Environmental Sciences, Commander of the Order of the British Empire, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Association of Environmentalists For Nuclear Energy, "The Vanishing Face of Gaia: A Final Warning by James Lovelock and He Knew He Was Right: The Irrepressible Life of James Lovelock and Gaia by John and Mary Gribbin", Travels with an Electron Capture Detector, "Library and Archive Catalogue EC/1974/16: Lovelock, James Ephraim", "James Lovelock: The UK should be going mad for fracking", "BBC Radio 4 – The Life Scientific, James Lovelock", "Reconstructed histories of the annual mean atmospheric mole fractions for the halocarbons CFC-11 CFC-12, CFC-113, and carbon tetrachloride", "James Lovelock: 'Any Further Interference Is Likely to Be Disastrous, The Earth is about to catch a morbid fever that may last as long as 100,000 years, "James Lovelock: Humans are too stupid to prevent climate change", "James Lovelock letter on wind turbines Broadbury Ridge", "Novacene by James Lovelock review – a big welcome for the AI takeover", "Ocean pipes could help the Earth to cure itself", Scientists propose 'plumbing' method to solve crisis of global warming, James Lovelock's plan to pump ocean water to stop climate change, Pipes hung in the sea could help planet to 'heal itself', "How sea tubes could slow climate change", "The last green taboo: engineering the planet", "Geo-engineering might cause, not cure, problems", http://www.jameslovelock.org/degrees-awards-and-prizes/, https://www.gtc.ox.ac.uk/about/fellows/james-lovelock/, https://www.exeter.ac.uk/honorarygraduates/previous/, https://www.kent.ac.uk/governance/honorary-degrees/Past%20Honorary%20Degrees%20-%20February%202020.pdf, https://www.cu.edu/regents/honorary-degrees-university-medals-and-distinguished-service-awards-1951-2000, https://www.mba.ac.uk/blog/occasion-100th-birthday-james-lovelock, "Lovelock, Prof. James Ephraim, (born 26 July 1919), independent scientist, since 1964; Senior Research Fellow, Green Templeton College (formerly Green College), Oxford, since 2012 (Hon. For the theory of the Earth as an organism, see, (Aristoph. Here the floor opens to the width of a cubit, and they say that along this bed flowed off the water after the deluge that occurred in the time of Deukalion, and into it they cast every year wheat mixed with honey . Will it not poison the whole biosphere and persist for millions of years?" Lovelock argued that Daisyworld, although a parable, illustrates how conventional natural selection operating on individual organisms can still produce planetary-scale homeostasis. James Ephraim Lovelock (Letchworth, 26 Julie 1919) is 'n voormalige onafhanklike wetenskaplike, skrywer, navorser en omgewingskundige. Er wurde in die New- Age-Ecke abgeschoben. On 8 May 2012, he appeared on the Radio Four series The Life Scientific, talking to Jim al-Khalili about the Gaia hypothesis. The verses are these: "Forthwith the voice of the Earth-goddess uttered a wise word, And with her Pyrcon, servant of the renowned Earth-shaker." [28] He has since stated that he meant "no conceivable toxic hazard". je vědecký model předpokládající, že Země je superorganismus, který je schopný autoregulace pomocí organismů, žijících na zemi. In the mid-1950s, Lovelock experimented with the cryopreservation of rodents, determining that hamsters could be frozen with 60% of the water in the brain crystallized into ice with no adverse effects recorded. Gaia-Hypothese, Hypothese von James Lovelock u. a. bezüglich der Regulation der Biosphäre Gaia (Raumsonde), im Dezember 2013 gestartete astrometrische Mission der ESA Gaia (Schiff), Nachbau des Gokstad-Schiffes Gaia (Software), Googles zentrales Authentifizierungssystem (Single-Sign-On-System) [44], He criticizes environmentalists for treating global warming like a religion.[44]. Kniha patří k základním textům environmentální literatury, a proto se dočkala mnoha cizojazyčných překladů (česky v roce 1994) a několika vydání. [35] Of the claims "the science is settled" on global warming he states:[44], One thing that being a scientist has taught me is that you can never be certain about anything. Lewensgeskiedenis. [11] And after Gaia came "dim Tartarus in the depth of the wide-pathed Earth", and next Eros the god of love. [18] The hypothesis proposes that living and non-living parts of the Earth form a complex interacting system that can be thought of as a single organism. Visiting Fellow, 1994–2012); Fellow, Birkbeck, University of London, since 2007 – WHO'S WHO & WHO WAS WHO", "This much I know: James Lovelock, scientist, 86, Devon", "James Lovelock – Independent Scientist, Inventor & Author", "James Lovelock by Anne Purkiss | Flickr – Photo Sharing! [24] He served as the president of the Marine Biological Association (MBA) from 1986 to 1990, and has been an Honorary Visiting Fellow of Green Templeton College, Oxford (formerly Green College, Oxford) since 1994. While designing scientific instruments for NASA, he developed the Gaia hypothesis. [73] Lovelock agreed to sit for sculptor Jon Edgar in Devon during 2007, as part of The Environment Triptych (2008)[74] along with heads of Mary Midgley and Richard Mabey. [43] He continued: Even the best democracies agree that when a major war approaches, democracy must be put on hold for the time being. [14] In the United States, he has conducted research at Yale, Baylor College of Medicine, and Harvard University.[3]. Pausanias also mention the sanctuary of Ge Gasepton in Sparta,[38] and a sanctuary of Ge Kourotrophe (Nurse of the Young) at Athens. )[35], In his 2009 book, The Vanishing Face of Gaia,[36] he rejects scientific models that disagree with the findings that sea levels are rising and Arctic ice is melting faster than the models predict. 7. Referências Ver também. as Rhea or as Gaia herself. I have a feeling that climate change may be an issue as severe as a war. [ 2 ] ​ [Q 3] Bei Hesiod gebiert Gaia von Uranos die Titanen, die einäugige… [60] Lovelock was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for services to the study of the Science and Atmosphere in the 1990 New Year Honours and a Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour (CH) for services to Global Environment Science in the 2003 New Year Honours. Gaia is believed by some sources[33] to be the original deity behind the Oracle at Delphi. Beliefs regarding Gaia vary, ranging from the belief that Gaia is the Earth to the belief that she is the spiritual embodiment of the earth or the goddess of the Earth.[47]. We thought we knew 20 years ago. With a PhD in medicine, Lovelock began his career performing cryopreservation experiments on rodents, including successfully thawing frozen specimens. In his view, nuclear energy is the only realistic alternative to fossil fuels that has the capacity to both fulfill the large scale energy needs of humankind while also reducing greenhouse emissions. As the white and black daisies have contrary effects on the planet's overall albedo and temperature, changes in their relative populations stabilise the planet's climate and to keep temperature within an optimal range despite fluctuations in energy from the star. S touto teorií poprvé přišel v 60. letech 20. století vědec, klimatolog a chemik Sir James Lovelock a pojmenoval ji (na podnět Williama Goldinga) podle řecké bohyně Gaii.