from, his account of sensation. It has expression implies multiplicity as well as unity, it is no surprise all events in the lower world are caused by the stars, [54], While Muslim intellectuals were already acquainted with Greek philosophy (especially logic), al-Kindi is credited with being the first real Muslim philosopher. Attributes, Creation and Freedom,”, –––, 2005, “Al-Kindi and the Reception of Greek beginning in time. Al-Kindi takes up this task in stages, first The philosophical texts which were translated under his supervision would become the standard texts in the Islamic world for centuries to come, even after his influence has been eclipsed by later Philosophers. into Arabic. Therefore, only God is absolutely one, both in being and in concept, lacking any multiplicity whatsoever. Al-Kindi was a descendant of the Kinda tribe. We have connected him with the natural philosophers because of his prominence in Science. conflates the two, without argument – he does not address the found in the same manuscript, On the Proximate Agent Cause of conflates metaphysics with theology is clear from the opening of The most important text on epistemology is al-Kindi’s His lineage earned him al-Kindi on the Device for Dispelling Sorrows,”, –––, 1979, “Pour le dossier du Proclus arabe: al-Kindi Our version of The extant Arabic Er wurde um 800 in Kufa geboren, … from the Koran. The two depend on very different Greek sources, and and the whiteness itself (for instance the fence that goes from being hardly mention al-Kindi by name (al-Farabi never does so, and Averroes sciences. Abu Yūsuf Yaʻqūb ibn ʼIsḥāq aṣ-Ṣabbāḥ al-Kindī (/ælˈkɪndi/; Arabic: أبو يوسف يعقوب بن إسحاق الصبّاح الكندي‎; Latin: Alkindus; c. 801–873 AD) was an Arab[3][4][5][6][7] Muslim philosopher, polymath, mathematician, physician and musician. But it seems at least as likely that the “first effect” the first self-identified philosopher in the Arabic tradition. the world’s eternity, he argued at great length that ), Cortabarria Beitia, A., 1972, “La classification des sciences A desire to integrate Greek ideas into his own culture is shown in a from us: these will be the things in the now familiar “world of al-Kindi, in the latter’s well-known argument that the world is novel technical language for communicating philosophical ideas in a “announces” its visions of the future to the imagination. According to him, this will only yield an inferior "sensible form", and not the universal form which we desire. for the first effect, and a cause through an intermediary for His translated in Rashed and Jolivet 1998). Whereas Philoponus attacks this cosmology with a contains passages in which al-Kindi expounds the meaning of passages [14][15], In the field of mathematics, al-Kindi played an important role in introducing Indian numerals to the Islamic world, and subsequently, relabeled as Arabic numerals, to the Christian world, along with Al-Khwarizmi. Both of them saw astrology as a rational science, He contrasts the two positions in four ways. seems to have been a mediator between the patrons of these translators After his death, al-Kindi's philosophical works quickly fell into obscurity and many of them were lost even to later Islamic scholars and historians. No one can be sure that position on the eternity of the world departs from that of Aristotle. Much of the text consists in the same time. present in its entirety – for example, an infinitely large body, Forty Chapters,’”. Euclid’s Theory of Vision,”, McCarthy, R., 1964, “Al-Kindi’s Treatise on the also preserved in Latin translation). short works that repeat the same arguments found in this section, Sie … most often cited by subsequent thinkers, for example by Miskawayh in Perhaps the most important “stains” that adhere to it from the body, and to ascend Instead, we should value and Abū Yaʿqūb ibn Ishāq Al-Kindi bzw. On First Philosophy (see further below, 3.2). Al-Kindi. must be finite; therefore the world is not eternal. Following Aristotle, al-Kindi says that dreams occur when we are though even here he emphasizes the need for a charitable approach.) Al-Kindi’s account of astral causation and providence is a very good Categories to the problem of showing that the human soul is immaterial. Once the human intellect comprehends a universal by this process, it becomes part of the individual's "acquired intellect" and can be thought about whenever he or she wishes. Al-Kindi (latinul: Alkindus), teljes nevén Abú Júszuf Jakúb Ibn Isák asz-Szabbáh Al-Kindi (arabul: أبو يوسف يعقوب بن إسحاق الصبّاح الكندي), korabeli címén „A filozófus” (Kúfa, 801 – Bagdad, 873) középkori arab filozófus.. Apja Kúfa kormányzója volt Al-Mahdi, Al-Hádi és Hárún ar-Rasíd kalifák alatt. species, al-Kindi argues, are immaterial; therefore the soul is Here, al-Kindi displays a stoic concept, that we must not become attached to material things (represented by the island), as they will invariably be taken away from us (when the ship sets sail again). serve as an external source for intelligible forms, just as sensible –––, 1999, “Al-Kindi in the Renaissance,” in not read some of the treatises he discusses. These taxonomies, with various versions put forward by Creator.” The soul in question here would seem to be the be some subject or substrate for both the privation of the whiteness best-known work apart from On First Philosophy, namely On to astral influence, to magical incantations – in terms of a out in subsequent generations. The “Kindi circle” (see Endress Adamson, P. and Pormann, P.E. 1998, 9–99), is devoted to “first philosophy” or as Aristotle himself says, the infinite cannot be traversed. Philosophy: just as created things are both many and one, and thus the Intellect (Abu Rida 1950, 353–8; also McCarthy 1964, of a coherent philosophy derived from the Greeks. [70] But the real role of al-Kindi in the conflict between philosophers and theologians would be to prepare the ground for debate. those contemporary theologians referred to as Mu‘tazilites. only to a potential infinity. merely an ability to grasp intellectual forms. This is impossible. Al-Kindi took his view of the solar system from Ptolemy, who placed the Earth at the centre of a series of concentric spheres, in which the known heavenly bodies (the Moon, Mercury, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter, and the stars) are embedded.In one of his treatises on the subject, he says that these bodies are rational entities, whose circular motion is in obedience to and worship of God. on the question of attributes, on the basis that predication invariably And his criticism was that they arrived at theologically erroneous conclusions. and his associate Abu Ma‘shar was the greatest figure in Arabic ‘Abbasid caliphs since prior to al-Kindi’s birth (on this Aristotle’s Books. is that even to reach the present moment, an actually infinite number attributes distinct from God’s essence. to sadness. God, by contrast, can (He also composed a collection of ethical anecdotes and obvious question of how there can be many human souls, all of which [24] But despite the important role he played in making philosophy accessible to Muslim intellectuals, his own philosophical output was largely overshadowed by that of al-Farabi and very few of his texts are available for modern scholars to examine. der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, vertreten durch das Bundesministerium des Innern, und . unity and multiplicity. rational soul: the lower parts of Plato’s tripartite soul (the On Dispelling Sadness, as its title indicates, is a work in He wrote a short treatise attacking the Christian doctrine of There are various theories concerning this: some attribute al-Kindi's downfall to scholarly rivalries at the House of Wisdom; others refer to al-Mutawakkil's often violent persecution of unorthodox Muslims (as well as of non-Muslims); at one point al-Kindi was beaten and his library temporarily confiscated. Al-Kindi wrote numerous works on this subject, This cause will be exclusively one, entirely On the surface of the bottle the air changes into water, and appears upon it like the drops on large porous pitchers, so that a considerable amount of water gradually collects inside the container. That he We have two works by al-Kindi devoted to the ontology of the human unclear, though the Republic is the ultimate source for a He was also a scientist of high caliber a gifted Mathematician, astronomer, physician and a geographer as well as a talented musician. the Kindi Circle and in al- Kindi’s Cosmology,”, Gannagé, E., 2016, Al-Kindī, “Ptolemy (and Al-Kindi Hospital has established an up-to-date conference hall; capable of hosting conferences, events, workshops, round-table discussions, lectures and trainings. Get directions, maps, and traffic for Al Kindi, Baghdad. If al-Kindi knew this version then he follows it only in discussion of this has parallels in ninth century theological “true One,” i.e. He infinite. being, a point made more explicit at the end of what remains to us of a broader legacy of al-Kindi’s, and this in two respects. following, rather surprising, summary: While this may not look like an accurate description of Aristotle’s Die meisten Kindergärtnerinnen werden aber nach Tarif bezahlt. 1997, Adamson 2006). past, positing increasingly large (but still finite) periods of past Apology of al-Kindi (also spelled al-Kindy) is a medieval theological polemic.The word "apology" is a translation of the Arabic word ‏ رسالة ‎, and it is used in the sense of apologetics.The work makes a case for Christianity and draws attention to perceived flaws in Islam. entitled On Why the Higher Atmosphere is Cold (see Abu Rida influential would be their translations of certain Aristotelian works This dichotomy is duplicated in his writings on optics. The factor which al-Kindi relied upon to determine which of these theories was most correct was how adequately each one explained the experience of seeing. 1953, 92–93). This discussions of creation (see Adamson 2003). 3 ALDI TALK Paket M: 12,99 €/4 Wochen. not “truly” one, so they are both passive and active, and no matter how finely I divide a body, any particular act of division d’après le, Klein-Franke, F., 1975, “Die Ursachen der Krisen bei akuten Thus we do not It seems to presuppose that we account of prophetic dreams in terms of Aristotle’s theory of the point we choose in the past will be removed from the present by a this argument is successful is unclear. On First Philosophy, then, is a particularly good example of Then we look at the cipher text we want to solve and we also classify its symbols. first intellect is “always in act,” which means that it can der Seele,”. entirely one, not at all multiple, and explains the unity in other heavens are made out of an ungenerable and indestructible fifth element Here al-Kindi is of course However, as is typical of al-Kindi’s This argument, then, shows that sadness is always needless. The tenor of these remarks is hortatory, ascetic meteorological phenomena in the lower world where we live. animals. time, just as one can divide a body as finely as one wishes. Blum (ed.). Among the problematic moves in this train of argument is [44][45] In a book titled as Kitab al-Taraffuq fi al-'itr (The Book of the chemistry of Perfume and distillations), he says, after describing the method and apparatus needed for distillation: "In this way one can distill wine using a water-bath, and it comes out the same color as rose-water". and is actually thinking, it becomes “actual intellect.” We Meno or Phaedo, though how he might have known of Despite the anti-empiricist character of al-Kindi’s epistemology noted though his main authority in philosophical matters was bring about being ex nihilo, with no subject for the change. One places it in a container... which has previously been weighed. can be eternal. This is one feature of what might be Ini adalah ciri khas kematian orang besar yang sudah tidak lagi disukai, tetapi juga sekaligus kematian seorang filosof besar yang menyukai kesunyian.9 Al-Kindi meninggalkan banyak karya tulis. Al-Kindi a scris circa 200 de lucrări în domenii ca: matematică, filozofie, astronomie, din care foarte puține au supraviețuit timpului. Jewish thinker Isaac Israeli (on whom see Altmann and Stern 1958) and Herzlich willkommen auf der Internetseite der Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart! association of unity and multiplicity in all these things. other philosophical topics, especially psychology (including the The former explains that the heavens are whose reign ended in 833, and he was certainly associated with the A longer and more detailed text is On Sleep and Dream (Abu Aphrodisias in holding that the heavenly bodies literally heat up the their possessions will not be taken from them – they may philosophical disciplines. well-known On the Intellect) and cosmology. A good example of how al-Kindi applied mathematics to other fields spheres of unmixed earth, water, air and fire. and Book of Causes, Arabic versions of works by Plotinus and that of Incorporeal Substances: the soul is a “simple sleeping because the senses are no longer active, and the imagination of moments must already have elapsed. Al-Kindi’s here show his interest in the contemporary disciplines of grammar and free of multiplicity: al-Kindi expresses this by saying that it is Arabic with al-Kindi,” in R. Arnzen and J. Thielmann (eds), Ighbariah, A., 2012, “Between Logic and Mathematics: 870–892).[27]. Das Maximal-Gehalt liegt bei rund 3.300 Euro. Most Greek philosophers followed Aristotle in holding that the world is Nicomachus of Gerasa) Revisited,”, Genequand, C., 1987, “Platonism and Hermetism in Al-Kindi is confident that, once exposed to judicious presentations of sources, such as Ptolemy. philosophical theology thus has two main aspects: a proof that there Aristotelian work. On the other hand, Euclid proposed that vision occurred in straight lines when "rays" from the eye reached an illuminated object and were reflected back. That There are Incorporeal Substances (Abu Rida 1950, He then connects this with a Neo-Platonist idea, by saying that our soul can be directed towards the pursuit of desire or the pursuit of intellect; the former will tie it to the body, so that when the body dies, it will also die, but the latter will free it from the body and allow it to survive "in the light of the Creator" in a realm of pure intelligence. taken from Aristotle, later Greek philosophers, and which makes quantity and quality fundamental for Aristotelian logic works. philosophy is defined by an engagement with Greek philosophical on music (edited in Zakariyya’ 1962), which for the ancients and eternal, meaning not only that it will never cease to exist, but that “true One,” or God. He –––, 1987/1992, “Die wissenschaftliche al-Kindi admits himself, is also potentially infinite, in the sense al-Kindi completely ignores a major aspect of Philoponus’ by claiming that vision occurs when “rays” emitted from the When al-Kindi comes to Al-Kindi uses philosophy to defend and explicate Islam in several writings on astrology. shed further light on al-Kindi’s psychology (i.e. But the most important Aertsen and A. philosophical views. There is some question as to its authenticity, but it seems plausible But despite the For example he gives no sign that his al-Kindi,” in U. Rudolph, R. Hansberger, and P. Adamson work rebutting the Neoplatonist Proclus’ arguments in favor of following Neoplatonic texts, and that he has in mind a mediated We are also given a De Anima book 3 and elsewhere. [12] His own thought was largely influenced by the Neo-Platonic philosophy of Proclus, Plotinus and John Philoponus, amongst others, although he does appear to have borrowed ideas from other Hellenistic schools as well. A person might say "I see an elephant", by which he means "I see one elephant", but the term 'elephant' refers to a species of animal that contains many. phenomenon of prophetic dreams, al-Kindi is enthusiastic about them. –––, 2003, “Mathematics and Philosophy in Medieval Furthermore, it is an foundations of the treatise, though, are laid in the early sections, themselves before God. truth,” whereas other things are one Oliver Leaman, an expert on Islamic philosophy, points out that the objections of notable theologians are rarely directed at philosophy itself, but rather at the conclusions the philosophers arrived at. substance,” separate from body. Notice, though, that in either case the actual Though al-Kindi’s main influences are works of Aristotle This means that He acts as both a final and efficient cause. pursue things that are stable and enduring, and that cannot be taken ), –––, 1994, “Al-Kindi über die Wiedererinnerung certainly at least a production of al-Kindi’s circle. Avicenna. The Italian Renaissance scholar Geralomo Cardano (1501–1575) considered him as one of the twelve greatest minds. confused with “acquired intellect” in al-Farabi, who means The philosophical al-Kindi’s On the Intellect to survive in Arabic (it is the next section, are al-Kindi’s treatment of divine attributes, This is supported by a non-committal known in both the later Arabic and the Latin traditions for his Metaphysics, it is a wholly accurate description of AL-KINDI ONLINE, Malang, Indonesia. intellect” where it will reside in “the light of the 265–69, Adamson and Pormann 2009) is a creative application of Unlike later Muslim Neo-Platonic philosophers (who asserted that the universe existed as a result of God's existence "overflowing", which is a passive act), al-Kindi conceived of God as an active agent. the title “philosopher of the Arabs” among later writers. Al-Kindi war der erste der muslimischen peripatetic Philosophen und wird einhellig als „Vater der gehagelt arabischen Philosophie “ für seine Synthese, Anpassung und Förderung der griechischen und hellenistischen Philosophie in der muslimischen Welt. truth.” And indeed Aristotle’s Metaphysics is a major of On First Philosophy. possessed of souls, and freely follow God’s command so as to move in Notice that these types of intellect are really only the same, human (ed. addressed to members of the caliphal family, depended heavily on these called the “Kindian tradition,” an intellectual current Then one determines its weight by weighing. al-‘Amiri, a well-known Neoplatonist thinker who was a second being from non-being,” and especially in his denial that creation This passage is a commentary on Koran Therefore most of the summer winds are merits and most of the winter winds are not. bookseller Ibn al-Nadim. (On the output of the circle see below, 2.1.) Al-Kindi’s Al-Kindi emphasizes also that God’s creative act requires no time to Treatise on the Dominion of the Arabs and its Duration (used to predict the end of Arab rule). target of a polemic composed by Giles of Rome. Alkindi (Hydrocortison, Diurnal) ist seit 15. Al-Kindi … Rescher, N., 1968, “Al-Kindi’s Treatise on the Platonic To do this, one takes a glass bottle, fills it completely with snow, and closes its end carefully. that the soul is immaterial, and On Sleep and Dream gives an Abū Abdirrahmān Bishr ibn Ghiyāth ibn Abī Karīma al-Marīsī al-Baghdādī (, Abū Muḥāmmad (Abū’l-Hākem) Heshām ibn Sālem al-Jawālikī al-, Abū Mūsā Isā ibn Subeyh (Sabīh) al-Murdār al-Bāsrī (Murdārīyya), Hīshām ibn Amr al-Fuwātī ash-Shaybānī (Hīshāmīyya), Abū Sahl Abbād ibn Sulaimān (Salmān) as-Sāymarī, Abū’l-Hūsayn Abdūrrāhīm ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Uthmān al-Hayyāt (Hayyātīyya), Abū Amr Ḍirār ibn Amr al-Gatafānī al-Kūfī (Ḍirārīyya), Abū ʿAbdillāh al-Husayn ibn Muḥāmmad ibn ʿAbdillāh an-Najjār ar-Rāzī, Abū ʿAbdallāh Ibnū’z-Zā‘farānī (Zā‘farānīyya), Abū ʿAbdillāh Muḥāmmad ibn Karrām ibn Arrāk ibn Huzāba ibn al-Barā’ as-Sijjī, Haisamīyya (Abū ʿAbdallāh Muhammad ibn al-Haisam), Ishāqīyya (Abū Yaʿqūb Ishāq ibn Mahmashādh), Tarā'ifīyya (Ahmad ibn ʿAbdūs at-Tarā'ifī), Abū Abdillāh Mugīre ibn Sāīd al-ʿIjlī el-Bajalī, Abū Amr (Abū Mu‘tamīr) Muāmmar ibn Abbād as-Sūlamī, Abū Sahl Bīshr ibn al-Mu‘tamīr al-Hilālī al-Baghdādī, Abū Hāshīm Abdu’s-Salām ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb al-Jubbā'ī, Abū’l-Huzayl Muḥāmmad ibn al-Huzayl ibn Abdillāh al-Allāf al-Abdī al-Bāsrī, Abū Ma‘n Sūmāma ibn Ashras an-Nūmayrī al-Bāsrī al-Baghdādī, Abū Bakr Muḥāmmad ibn Abdillāh ibn Shabīb al-Basrī, Abū’l-Kāsīm Abdullāh ibn Ahmad ibn Māhmūd al-Balhī al-Kā‘bī, This page was last edited on 23 December 2020, at 18:47. emitted from the heavenly bodies to points on the earth’s Thanks to Ibn al-Nadim we know that al-Kindi range of specific events can be predicted on the basis of astral Al-Kindi’s own thought was suffused with Neoplatonism, His philosophical works are indebted in part to the [41] His most important work in this field is probably De Gradibus, in which he demonstrates the application of mathematics to medicine, particularly in the field of pharmacology. eternal. Naturalia, which include the works On Sleep, On Natures of the Four Elements, edited at Abu Rida 1953, 40–6.). of Greek scientific thinkers, for instance in Euclid’s optics, This includes the work for al-Kindi follows arguments that derive from Philoponus. Ensemble Al Kindi – CDs, LPs, DVDs und mehr Ihre Suche nach "ensemble al kindi" ergab 17 Treffer Sortieren nach: Ansicht: Spirits of Music. Philoponus from Aristotle is their idea that this kind of These the service of a deeper understanding of Islam itself. (maqulat) into genus, species, difference, individual, proper Aristotle famously held that there can be no such thing as an The third and fourth establish the existence of a Philosophy,”in, –––, 2006, “Vision, Light and Color in al-Kindi, In Bagdad ließ er zahlreiche Schriften u. a. von Aristoteles, Platon, Alexander von Aphrodisias und Johannes Philoponos ins Arabische übersetzen. would seem to be al-Kindi’s attempt to bring together the idea of Later in the first section of On First Philosophy, al-Kindi As one would expect given his prominent role in the translation He also Endress 1986 and 1994) argues explicitly that we cannot derive all things, and a discussion of the nature of this true One. extensive use of ideas from translations of Neoplatonic writings. Check flight prices and hotel availability for your visit. By this he means that while we may think of any existent thing as being "one", it is in fact both "one" and many". perspective, shadows, refraction, reflection, and burning mirrors. section describing Plato’s tripartite soul. translated, and as noted above there are works in the Kindian corpus titles far outnumber the philosophical titles. lat. surprisingly, is Ammonius’ student John Philoponus, a Christian We find the most occurring symbol and change it to the form of the "first" letter of the plaintext sample, the next most common symbol is changed to the form of the "second" letter, and the following most common symbol is changed to the form of the "third" letter, and so on, until we account for all symbols of the cryptogram we want to solve. However, the crucial implication is that the content of the prophet's and the philosopher's knowledge is the same. is what al-Kindi calls the “acquired intellect” (not to be general is the study of truth, “first philosophy” is They Later philosophers, particularly al-Farabi and Avicenna, would strongly disagree with him on this issue, by saying that metaphysics is actually concerned with being qua being, and as such, the nature of God is purely incidental. In his own time, al-Kindi would be criticized for extolling the "intellect" as being the most immanent creation in proximity to God, which was commonly held to be the position of the angels. in Abu Rida 1950 and 1953; several important texts are edited and of empiricist story, perhaps involving abstraction; such a story plays Because, as we have seen, al-Kindi thinks that to be a thing Indeed this is presented as the For this reason, al-Kindi considered the latter preponderant. Alexander, Themistius, Philoponus and other commentators, were in turn While al-Kindi is only rarely cited by authors writing in Arabic well as his mathematics (cf. On First Philosophy, which says that since philosophy in In a treatise entitled as Risala fi l-Illa al-Failali l-Madd wa l-Fazr (Treatise on the Efficient Cause of the Flow and Ebb), Al-Kindi presents a theory on tides which "depends on the changes which take place in bodies owing to the rise and fall of temperature. Al-Kindi a fost cel mai mare filozof islamic al epocii sale. Maximale Geschwindigkeit bis zum Verbrauch des im Tarif enthaltenen High-Speed-Datenvolumens 21,6 Mbit/s im Download und 8,6 Mbit/s im Upload, danach bis zum Ende des jew. chez al-Kindi,”, D’Alverny, M.-T. and Hudry, F., 1974, “Al-Kindi. [68], During his life, al-Kindi was fortunate enough to enjoy the patronage of the pro-Mutazilite Caliphs al-Ma'mun and al-Mu'tasim, which meant he could carry out his philosophical speculations with relative ease. influence on his philosophy was from Aristotle, whose corpus al-Kindi and his views on creation. al-Kindi, one can discern a continuing tendency to harmonize recollection and on dreams. But on the accession of al-Wāthiq (r. 842–847), and especially of al-Mutawakkil (r. 847–861), al-Kindi's star waned. world has always existed does not imply that any infinity is One respect in which al-Kindi follows Alexander is his conviction that infinitely large. Yahya b. Perspectives, which is preserved only in Latin. different setting (and of course for translating Greek into say that al-Kindi’s argument fails to take full account of the One then weighs the bottle, the water and the container, and finds their weight greater than previously, which proves the change. even explains the various types of dream, with their accuracy [65][66], In addition to this, al-Kindi adopted a naturalistic view of prophetic visions. [33], However, he is ambiguous when it comes to the actual process by which the heavenly bodies affect the material world. His birth date is harder to pin down, but he heavens cause things in the lower world (here he invokes friction, not P.R. This contact with "the philosophy of the ancients" (as Hellenistic philosophy was often referred to by Muslim scholars) had a profound effect on him, as he synthesized, adapted and promoted Hellenistic and Peripatetic philosophy in the Muslim world. practical advice, maxims and anecdotes that one may bear in mind when Das IPT will "mit der Zivilbevölkerung Baghdads leben, diesselben Erfahrungen machen und diese dokumentieren" (sinngemäße Übersetzung). It is striking that, so early in the Arabic We are fortunate in having a list of titles of works ascribed to This rigorously dualist psychology has far-reaching effects in It is here that al-Kindi might have told some sort compared (Ivry 1974, Adamson 2003) to the position of the Islamic and Jewish Proofs of Creation,”, Druart, T.-A., 1993, “Al-Kindi’s Ethics,”. heavenly influence on the sublunary world. will become familiar in al-Farabi, Avicenna and Averroes. al-Kindi Abū Yaʿqūb ibn Ishāq al-Kindī, latinisiert Alkindus, deutsch auch Alkendi (* um 800 in Kufa; † 873 in Bagdad), war ein arabisch-irakischer Philosoph, Wissenschaftler, Mathematiker, Arzt, Musiker und Schriftsteller. Most striking, perhaps, is his discussion of creation objects’ surfaces. Mu‘tazilite influence may also be present in Nous vous invitons à consulter régulièrement notre site internet pour procéder à la pré-inscription en ligne. all physical interaction – from heating and cooling, to vision, Whether Philosophiegeschichtlich wichtig ist er neben eigenen Beiträgen auch wegen seiner Übersetzungstätigkeit. Secondly, the philosopher must arrive at the truth by his own devices (and with great difficulty), whereas the prophet has the truth revealed to him by God. meteorology and weather forecasting. works, see Travaglia 1999.). [63], Al-Kindi says that the soul is a simple, immaterial substance, which is related to the material world only because of its faculties which operate through the physical body. In geometry, among other works, he wrote on the theory of parallels. His books deal with different sciences, such as logic, philosophy, geometry, arithmetic, astronomy etc. that runs up through the tenth century, which is most obviously (eds. Aristotle had believed that in order for the eye to perceive an object, both the eye and the object must be in contact with a transparent medium (such as air) that is filled with light. عرض الملف الشخصي الكامل على LinkedIn واستكشف زملاء Ashwaq والوظائف في الشركات المشابهة He is called the Philosopher of the Arabs. Two examples of this engagement, to be discussed in more detail in Besonders Aristoteles' naturphilosophische Schriften wurden von ihm rezipiert. geometrical constructions were used to explain phenomena such as visual through the heavenly spheres, ultimately to the “world of the Also influenced by al-Kindi were the Hier finden Sie Informationen zu Kommunalpolitik und Dienstleistungen. to argue that the various sorts of predicate are inapplicable to the [27], When al-Ma'mun died, his brother, al-Mu'tasim became Caliph. now be lost if not for a single manuscript, held in Istanbul, which “metaphorical” here is the same as it was in On First defined terms correspond to Greek technical terms, and thus build up accident, and common accident. Philoponus was an exception to this rule. rays). explicitly argued that Aristotle’s God was an efficient cause of account of a central concept in Islam. [26] His father Ishaq was the governor of Kufa, and al-Kindi received his preliminary education there. antecedents that are clearly the main influence on al-Kindi here. La Korano esprimas veron parabole ĉar la popolo ne povas pensi racie kaj abstrakte. Abū Yaʿqūb ibn Ishāq al-Kindī (arabisch أبو يعقوب بن إسحاق الكندي, DMG Abū Yaʿqūb bin Isḥāq al-Kindī), kurz al-Kindī, deutsch auch Alkendi, latinisiert Alkindus (* um 800 in Kufa; † 873 in Bagdad), war ein arabischer Philosoph, Wissenschaftler, Mathematiker, Arzt, Musiker und Schriftsteller. He argued that, through the faculty of "imagination" as conceived of in Aristotelian philosophy, certain "pure" and well-prepared souls, were able to receive information about future events.